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WDS54 - Combinators in CSS

In the last article, we learned to align various elements including text and images in both vertical and horizontal way. Now it is very easy for us to align elements in the way we prefer.

Moving forward, as of now we are using the just single element as CSS selector which is one of the element name, class name or element id. In today's article, we are going to learn to combine these simple selectors to form more complex selector in CSS.
Let's begin...

Need of Combinators

Combinators help us to create complex CSS selector which selects the elements more precisely to apply CSS properties on them.
The following four different combinators are in CSS:
  • descendant selector(space)
  • child selector(>)
  • adjacent sibling selector(+)
  • general sibling selector(~)

Descendant Selector

The descendant selector matches all elements that are descendants of a specified element. The selectors are separated by space in between them.
To select all the images that are inside of div with id contacts and give them border:

#contacts img {
    border: 2px solid black;
}

Child Sector

The child selector selects all elements that are the immediate children of a specified element.
To select all the images that are immediate children of div with id contacts and give them border:

#contacts > img {
    border: 2px solid black;
}

Adjacent Sibling Selector

The adjacent sibling selector selects all the elements that are the adjacent siblings of a specified element. The sibling elements mean they have the same parent element and adjacent refers to immediate following elements.
To select all image elements which has the same parent as div with id contacts and are placed immediately after the div:

#contacts + img {
    border: 2px solid black;
}
Note: Output of this will be different from that in child selector. In child selector, it will select images inside div (that is children), while here it will select sibling elements of div which will be of course outside of div.

General Sibling Selector

The general sibling selector selects all elements that are siblings of a specified element.
To select all images that are the sibling of div with id contacts:

div ~ p {
    border: 2px solid black;
}

That's all for today. In the next article, we are going to learn something new about classes. So keep practicing and #keepCoding.

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